What Is Prediabetes?
Before people get diabetes, 有一段时间，血糖水平很高，但没有高到足以被诊断为糖尿病. This is known as prediabetes. According to the Centers for Disease Control, 大约9600万美国人——超过三分之一——患有前驱糖尿病. 在糖尿病前期患者中，超过80%的人不知道自己患有糖尿病.
当身体不能正确处理碳水化合物时，就会发生前驱糖尿病. 当你摄入碳水化合物时，糖会进入你的血液. 一种叫做胰岛素的激素将糖从血液中转移到身体的细胞中. 细胞使用这种糖（“血糖”）作为能量.
患有前驱糖尿病和糖尿病，血糖会被困在血液中. 你的身体可能无法产生足够的胰岛素，或者你的细胞可能会抵抗胰岛素. So, instead of fueling your cells, sugar builds up in your bloodstream, which can damage your organs, nerves, and blood vessels in the long term.
Prediabetes is a serious health condition. It increases your chances of developing:
- type 2 diabetes,
- heart disease, and
- stroke.
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What Causes Prediabetes?
专家们还不知道糖尿病前期的确切病因. 但家族史和基因似乎起着重要作用. 缺乏体育锻炼和超重以及腹部多余的脂肪也会导致肥胖.
Prediabetes Risk Factors
增加2型糖尿病风险的因素也会增加前驱糖尿病的风险. These include:
- a diet high in red meat and carbohydrates,
- being older than 45,
- being overweight,
- cardiovascular disease,
- diabetes in your family,
- gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy),
- high blood pressure,
- high cholesterol,
- 缺乏身体活动（每周不锻炼至少三次），以及
- 吸烟（吸烟者的腹部似乎更重）.
Race and ethnicity also play a role. People who are Black, Hispanic, Latinx, Native American, Pacific Islander, or Asian are at higher risk.
Prediabetes Symptoms
As prediabetes progresses, symptoms can include:
- increased thirst,
- increased hunger,
- frequent urination,
- feeling more tired than usual, and
- blurry vision.
These are symptoms of type 2 diabetes. If you experience them, 尽快去看你的初级保健医生或预约内分泌科医生. 内分泌学家是专门研究前驱糖尿病的医生, diabetes, 以及其他内分泌系统紊乱（产生激素的腺体和器官）.
What Are the Warning Signs of Prediabetes?
Prediabetes doesn’t have any early warning signs. 你可能患有前驱糖尿病多年却没有任何症状. 这就是为什么如果你有风险，和你的医生谈谈接受筛查是如此重要. 早期发现前驱糖尿病会增加你逆转它的机会.
Prediabetes Test
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) 建议大多数成年人从45岁开始进行糖尿病筛查. 筛查应该在45岁之前开始，如果你超重并且有前驱糖尿病或其他风险因素 type 2 diabetes. The Centers for Disease Control also offers an interactive quiz 这可以大发娱乐你评估患前驱糖尿病的风险.
两项简单的血液检查可以确定你是否患有前驱糖尿病. 这些筛查试验包括空腹血糖（BG）试验和糖化血红蛋白（A1C）试验, 哪个测量你过去两到三个月的血糖.
- Fasting BG Results:
- Normal: less than 100 mg/dl
- Prediabetes: 100 to 125 mg/dl
- Type 2 diabetes: over 125 mg/dl
- A1C Results:
- Normal: 5.6 percent or below
- Prediabetes: 5.7 percent to 6.4 percent
- Type 2 diabetes: over 6.5 percent
您的医生可以为您安排这些测试，并大发娱乐您理解测试结果的含义.
What to Expect During Your First Appointment
当你第一次预约时，带上你目前服用的药物清单. 如果可能的话，准备好回答有关家族病史的问题. 欢迎您的家人或朋友陪伴您.
During your first appointment, you will meet an endocrinologist, medical assistant, and certified diabetes educator.
The medical assistant will:
- 量一下你的血压、体重、身高和脉搏；
- check your eyes, mouth, and neck for signs of prediabetes; and
- 用听诊器听听你的心脏和肺.
您可能会被要求大发娱乐提供少量血液样本（通过手指刺破）来测试您的A1C. 你也可能被要求大发娱乐提供尿液样本，这可以大发娱乐确定你是否患有前驱糖尿病.
内分泌专家会和你见面，问你以下问题.
- Does anyone in your family have diabetes?
- 你早餐、午餐、晚餐和零食都吃什么?
- Do you drink juices or sugary soda?
- What do you do for exercise?
- How well do you sleep at night? Do you snore?
你的医生可能会要求你做血液检查，以了解更多关于你健康的信息. 这些检查包括胆固醇、肾脏、肝脏和甲状腺检查. 如果你有睡眠问题，你的医生可能会推荐你去看睡眠专家.
糖尿病教育者将与您一对一地会面，大发娱乐提供有关如何逆转糖尿病前期和预防糖尿病的信息.
How to Reverse Prediabetes
逆转前驱糖尿病最有效的方法就是终生改变饮食和锻炼. Medication may help, too.
Prediabetes Diet
健康的饮食对逆转前驱糖尿病至关重要. 如果你不确定从哪里开始，可以考虑预约一位面试官 registered dietitian at U of U Health. 你将学习如何遵循富含水果的饮食, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, healthy oils, and lean meat. 营养师可以大发娱乐你设定切合实际的目标并实现它们.
Prediabetes Exercise
每周至少进行150分钟的适度体育活动. Be sure to find an activity you enjoy. Recommended activities include walking, jogging, running, biking, swimming, and exercise classes, such as yoga or spinning. 有规律的锻炼还有减轻压力的额外好处, 哪一种与更好的血糖控制有关.
Prediabetes Medication
你的医生可能会开一些药物来大发娱乐治疗前驱糖尿病和相关的疾病. These can include:
-
- metformin for blood sugar control,
- cholesterol-lowering medications, and
- high blood pressure medications.
糖尿病前期转化为糖尿病需要多长时间?
前驱糖尿病患者有3到6年的机会来预防或减缓前驱糖尿病的进展 type 2 diabetes.
Schedule an Appointment
uu of U Health的内分泌学家大发娱乐提供筛查, testing, 以及针对糖尿病前期患者的个性化治疗计划. 如果你担心自己患前驱糖尿病的风险，或者已经知道自己患有糖尿病, you can find help and support at the Utah Diabetes and Endocrinology Center (UDEC). 今天致电801-581-7761申请预约.
